IPOs

An IPO (Initial Public Offering) is when a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time to get listed on the stock exchange. It allows investors to buy ownership in the company, while the company raises capital for growth and expansion. The process involves filing a prospectus, setting a price band, and opening the issue for public subscription.

Companies launch IPOs to raise funds for business expansion, repay debts, or enhance brand visibility. Going public also helps them gain credibility, attract new investors, and improve liquidity for existing shareholders.

You can apply for an IPO through your broker's online trading app using the ASBA (Application Supported by Blocked Amount) facility. Log in to your trading account, choose the IPO, enter bid details, and submit. After allotment, you can check status and sell shares post listing.

In a fixed price IPO, the issue price is pre-decided and announced. In a book-building IPO, a price range is provided, and investors bid within the range. The final price is determined based on demand.

The lock-up period is usually 90 to 180 days after an IPO during which promoters, insiders, and early investors cannot sell their shares, ensuring price stability and investor confidence.

An oversubscribed IPO means investor demand is higher than the number of available shares. An undersubscribed IPO means demand is lower than expected, often due to weak sentiment or valuation concerns.

DRHP (Draft Red Herring Prospectus) is a document a company files before launching an IPO. It contains details about the company's business, finances, risks, and objectives. Insights.Market provides DRHP details in the 'From DRHP to D-Street' section.

The Insights.Market IPO Tracker shows post-listing performance, including listing price, returns, and subscription details to help investors assess whether an IPO remains a good investment.

IPOs come with drawbacks such as high compliance costs, public scrutiny, and pressure to deliver consistent results. For investors, IPOs can be risky if overpriced or if market sentiment weakens post listing.

IPO application forms are available from stockbrokers, ASBA-enabled banks, or downloadable from NSE/BSE websites. Most investors now apply online through their demat/trading accounts.

Yes, a minor can apply for an IPO using their PAN and demat account. The bank account can be jointly held with a guardian.

If the IPO is still open, you can withdraw your bid through your broker or bank IPO portal. After the issue closes, withdrawal is not allowed—refunds are processed automatically if shares are not allotted.

IPO return = (Listing Price – Issue Price) ÷ Issue Price × 100. Example: Issue price ₹100, listing price ₹150 → return is 50%.

Yes, you can apply as long as the account supports ASBA. Ensure sufficient funds remain available during the blocking period.

Investors applying for more than ₹2 lakh are classified as HNI. There is no maximum limit; the minimum must exceed ₹2 lakh as per SEBI guidelines.

Multiple applications can be made only using different PAN numbers and demat accounts. Multiple applications under the same PAN will be rejected by the registrar.